hssg glutathione (GSH) Schematic overview of glutathione (GSH)

doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1535682 Received 27 November 2024 Accepted 06 January 2025 Published 22 January 2025 Volume 12 - 2025 Edited by Tara Chand Yadav, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States Reviewed by Hina Sultana, University of North Carolina System, United States Abhishek Mishra, University of California, Los Angeles, United States Updates Copyright 2025 Yadav, Dhanasekaran, Choudhary, Nathiya, Thakur, Gupta, Pramanik, Kumar, Gupta and Patel

Tailoring formulations for intranasal nose-to-brain delivery: a review on architecture, physico-chemical characteristics and mucociliary clearance of the nasal olfactory mucosa

c Methionine side chain (-CH 2 -CH 2 -S-CH 3 ) replaced by the norleucine (Nle) side chain (-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 )

However, the practice of using glutathione for PD was not widespread, because it had to be administered directly into the veins (IV), necessitating clinic visits and medical staff inserting needles for proper administration